In far off star systems, heroes and villains chase each other in spaceships. If they took a break for sightseeing, they might find some fascinating life forms living in harsh, unlikely environments. Are there microscopic germs living in hidden streams of water on Mars, or odd creatures floating in the oceans of Europa? We can find similar things on Earth's ocean floor or deep underground, but how can we find them on other worlds? What would different life forms need to survive on distant planets and moons?